DOCUMENTARY: History of Islam in Spain

Info-pictogram Islam has had a fundamental presence in the culture and history of Spain. The religion was present in modern Spanish soil from 709 until 1614 beginning with Arab rule and ending with the expulsion of the Moriscos of Al-Andalus. For key historical dates, see Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula. As of 2007, it is estimated that over 1 million Muslims live in Spain, most of them recent immigrants from North Africa, Middle East, and South Asia; although there are also some Spanish converts, estimated at between 20,000 and 50,000.

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DOCUMENTARY: The Japanese Bullet Train (Shinkansen)

Info-pictogram The Shinkansen is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan operated by four Japan Railways Group companies. Starting with the Tōkaidō Shinkansen (515.4 km) in 1964, the network has expanded to currently consist of 2,387.7 km (1,483.6 mi) of lines with maximum speeds of 240–320 km/h (149–199 mph), 283.5 km (176.2 mi) of Mini-shinkansen lines with a maximum speed of 130 km/h (81 mph), and 10.3 km (6.4 mi) of spur lines with Shinkansen services. The network presently links most major cities on the islands of Honshu and Kyushu, with construction of a link to the northern island of Hokkaido underway.

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DOCUMENTARY: Strangest Things In The Universe

Info-pictogram The observable universe is about 46 billion light years in radius. Scientific observation of the Universe has led to inferences of its earlier stages. These observations suggest that the Universe has been governed by the same physical laws and constants throughout most of its extent and history. The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model that describes the early development of the Universe, which is calculated to have begun 13.798 ± 0.037 billion years ago. Observations have shown that the Universe appears to be expanding at an accelerating rate.

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DOCUMENTARY: Order And Disorder (Energy)

Info-pictogram In physics, energy is one of the basic quantitative properties describing a physical system or object’s state. Energy can be transformed (converted) among a number of forms that may each manifest and be measurable in differing ways. The law of conservation of energy states that the (total) energy of a system can increase or decrease only by transferring it in or out of the system. The total energy of a system can be calculated by simple addition when it is composed of multiple non-interacting parts or has multiple distinct forms of energy. Common energy forms include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the radiant energy carried by light and other electromagnetic radiation, and various types of potential energy such as gravitational and elastic. Energy is measured in SI units of joules (J). Common types of energy transfer and transformation include processes such as heating a material, performing mechanical work on an object, generating or making use of electric energy, and many chemical reactions.

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DOCUMENTARY: The Evolution Of Music (PBS)

Info-pictogram PBS spoke to some of the driving forces behind music on the internet, including Jon Cohen (Co-Founder, FADER Label), Ryan Dombal (Senior Editor, Pitchfork), Blake Whitman (VP of Creative Development, Vimeo) and Anthony Volodkin (Founder, Hype Machine). They all talk about the talent being cultivated online and how blogs are a major force in how fans discover music in today’s age.